K8S 性能优化 - OS sysctl 调优

前言

K8S 性能优化系列文章，本文为第一篇：OS sysctl 性能优化参数最佳实践。

参数一览

sysctl 调优参数一览

# Kubernetes Settings
vm.max_map_count = 262144
kernel.softlockup_panic = 1
kernel.softlockup_all_cpu_backtrace = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_reserved_ports = 30000-32767

# Increase the number of connections
net.core.somaxconn = 32768

# Maximum Socket Receive Buffer
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216

# Maximum Socket Send Buffer
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

# Increase the maximum total buffer-space allocatable
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 87380 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216

# Increase the number of outstanding syn requests allowed
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8096


# For persistent HTTP connections
net.ipv4.tcp_slow_start_after_idle = 0

# Allow to reuse TIME_WAIT sockets for new connections
# when it is safe from protocol viewpoint
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

# Max number of packets that can be queued on interface input
# If kernel is receiving packets faster than can be processed
# this queue increases
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 16384

# Increase size of file handles and inode cache
fs.file-max = 2097152

# Max number of inotify instances and watches for a user
# Since dockerd runs as a single user, the default instances value of 128 per user is too low
# e.g. uses of inotify: nginx ingress controller, kubectl logs -f
fs.inotify.max_user_instances = 8192
fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 524288

# Additional sysctl flags that kubelet expects
vm.overcommit_memory = 1
kernel.panic = 10
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1

# Prevent docker from changing iptables: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/40182
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

如果是 AWS，额外增加如下：

# AWS settings
# Issue #23395
net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_thresh1=0

如果启用了 IPv6，额外增加如下：

# Enable IPv6 forwarding for network plugins that don't do it themselves
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1

参数解释

分类	内核参数	说明	参考链接
Kubernetes	vm.max_map_count = 262144	限制一个进程可以拥有的 VMA(虚拟内存区域)的数量， 一个更大的值对于 elasticsearch、mongo 或其他 mmap 用户来说非常有用	ES Configuration
Kubernetes	kernel.softlockup_panic = 1	用于解决 K8S 内核软锁相关 bug	root cause kernel soft lockups · Issue #37853 · kubernetes/kubernetes (github.com)
Kubernetes	kernel.softlockup_all_cpu_backtrace = 1	用于解决 K8S 内核软锁相关 bug	root cause kernel soft lockups · Issue #37853 · kubernetes/kubernetes (github.com)
Kubernetes	net.ipv4.ip_local_reserved_ports = 30000-32767	默认 K8S Nodport 端口	service-node-port-range and ip_local_port_range collision · Issue #6342 · kubernetes/kops (github.com)
网络	net.core.somaxconn = 32768	表示 socket 监听（listen）的 backlog 上限。什么是 backlog？backlog 就是 socket 的监听队列，当一个请求（request）尚未被处理或建立时，他会进入 backlog。 增加连接数.	Image: We should tweak our sysctls · Issue #261 · kubernetes-retired/kube-deploy (github.com)
网络	net.core.rmem_max = 16777216	接收套接字缓冲区大小的最大值 (以字节为单位)。 最大化 Socket Receive Buffer	Image: We should tweak our sysctls · Issue #261 · kubernetes-retired/kube-deploy (github.com)
网络	net.core.wmem_max = 16777216	发送套接字缓冲区大小的最大值 (以字节为单位)。 最大化 Socket Send Buffer	Image: We should tweak our sysctls · Issue #261 · kubernetes-retired/kube-deploy (github.com)
网络	net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 87380 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216	增加总的可分配的 buffer 空间的最大值	Image: We should tweak our sysctls · Issue #261 · kubernetes-retired/kube-deploy (github.com)
网络	net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8096	表示那些尚未收到客户端确认信息的连接（SYN 消息）队列的长度，默认为 1024 增加未完成的 syn 请求的数量	Image: We should tweak our sysctls · Issue #261 · kubernetes-retired/kube-deploy (github.com)
网络	net.ipv4.tcp_slow_start_after_idle = 0	持久化 HTTP 连接	Image: We should tweak our sysctls · Issue #261 · kubernetes-retired/kube-deploy (github.com)
网络	net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1	表示允许重用 TIME_WAIT 状态的套接字用于新的 TCP 连接, 默认为 0，表示关闭。 允许在协议安全的情况下重用 TIME_WAIT 套接字用于新的连接	Image: We should tweak our sysctls · Issue #261 · kubernetes-retired/kube-deploy (github.com)
网络	net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 16384	当网卡接收数据包的速度大于内核处理的速度时，会有一个队列保存这些数据包。这个参数表示该队列的最大值 如果内核接收数据包的速度超过了可以处理的速度，这个队列就会增加	Image: We should tweak our sysctls · Issue #261 · kubernetes-retired/kube-deploy (github.com)
文件系统	fs.file-max = 2097152	该参数决定了系统中所允许的文件句柄最大数目，文件句柄设置代表 linux 系统中可以打开的文件的数量。 增加文件句柄和 inode 缓存的大小	Image: We should tweak our sysctls · Issue #261 · kubernetes-retired/kube-deploy (github.com)
文件系统	fs.inotify.max_user_instances = 8192 fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 524288	一个用户的 inotify 实例和 watch 的最大数量 由于 dockerd 作为单个用户运行，每个用户的默认实例值 128 太低了 例如使用 inotify: nginx ingress controller, kubectl logs -f	Image: We should tweak our sysctls · Issue #261 · kubernetes-retired/kube-deploy (github.com)
kubelet	vm.overcommit_memory = 1	对内存分配的一种策略 =1， 表示内核允许分配所有的物理内存，而不管当前的内存状态如何	Image: We should tweak our sysctls · Issue #261 · kubernetes-retired/kube-deploy (github.com)
kubelet	kernel.panic = 10	panic 错误中自动重启，等待时间为 10 秒	Image: We should tweak our sysctls · Issue #261 · kubernetes-retired/kube-deploy (github.com)
kubelet	kernel.panic_on_oops = 1	在 Oops 发生时会进行 panic()操作	Image: We should tweak our sysctls · Issue #261 · kubernetes-retired/kube-deploy (github.com)
网络	net.ipv4.ip_forward=1	启用 ip 转发 另外也防止 docker 改变 iptables	Upgrading docker 1.13 on nodes causes outbound container traffic to stop working · Issue #40182 · kubernetes/kubernetes (github.com)
网络	net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_thresh1=0	修复 AWS arp_cache: neighbor table overflow! 报错	arp_cache: neighbor table overflow! · Issue #4533 · kubernetes/kops (github.com)

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